Role Of Community In The Conservation Of Forests And Wildlife

There is no doubt that the government of India has taken many steps for the conservation and protection of forests and wildlife. But, the work done by the community in this direction is also commendable. Have a look at the following points:

1. In Sariska tiger reserve, the people of Rajasthan fought against the mining activity which was creating havoc with the forest reserves.
2. Similarly, the residents of about five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan, the people declared 1200 acres of land as Bhairodeo Dakav Sanctuary without taking the help of the government. Not only that, but they also framed a set of rules for managing the sanctuary.
3. Some people, especially the tribal people of Jharkhand, Orissa, and other parts of India, consider mahua, Kadam, mango, neem, and peepal as sacred trees. They not only worship but also do not allow anyone to cut these trees.
4. In Himachal Pradesh, the Chipko Movement has successfully resisted deforestation. Villagers hug trees and do not allow any outsider to cut the trees.
5. In Orissa, the Joint Forest Management (JFM) has included the local people in the management and restoration of degraded forests.
6. The role of the Bishnoi community in the conservation of forests and wildlife is also admirable.

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1 Mark Questions From Forests and Wildlife Resources

Q1. Define Biome.

Ans. A very large area on land having distinct types of vegetation and animal life because of similar climatic conditions is called Biome. For example grasslands, deserts, tundra, etc.

Q2. What is a Biosphere reserve?

Ans. A protected area reserved for the conservation of endangered species of flora and fauna in their natural habitat is known as a biosphere reserve.

Q3. Define ecosystem.

Ans. Plants, animals, and human beings and their interaction and interdependence are known as an ecosystem.

Q4. What are endemic species?

Ans.  Species that are found in a particular area that is generally isolated by natural or geographical barriers such as forests, mountains, deserts, seas, or oceans. Examples are Andaman Teal, Nicobar pigeon, and Mithun in Arunachal Pradesh.

Q5. Name a medicinal plant that is found in the Himalayas used for the treatment of some cancers.

Ans. Himalayan Yew.

Q6. When was the Indian wildlife protection act implemented?

Ans. 1972

Q7. Which Indian state has the largest area under permanent forests?

Ans. Madhya Pradesh (approx 75 %)

Q8. Which Indian state was the first to pass the resolution of Joint Forest Management (JFM) .

Ans. Orissa.

3 Mark Questions From Forests and Wildlife Resources

Q1. What is Bio-diversity? Why Bio-diversity is important for human lives? (NCERT)

Ans. The existence of millions of living beings like animals, plants, and human beings side by side is known as Bio-diversity.

It is important for human lives because:

i) Humans depend on biodiversity for their survival.

ii) We cannot survive without plants and animals.

Q2. Why are few species of plants and animals endangered?

Ans. Few species of plants and animals are endangered because of the following reasons:

i) Firstly – Indiscriminate cutting of trees.

ii) Secondly – Illegal cutting of trees and hunting of animals.

iii) Thirdly – Increasing population.

Q3. Mention any three steps taken by the government for the conservation of flora and fauna?

Ans. Steps taken by the government for the conservation of flora and fauna are

1. Implementation of Wildlife Protection Act in 1972.
2. Hunting and poaching (smuggling) of animals is banned.
3. Opening of National Parks, Sanctuaries, Zoos and Bio-reserves
4. Census is done on a regular basis for rare animals.
5. Some of the projects have been initiated like Project Tiger, Project Elephant, etc.
6. “Van-Mahotsav” is celebrated for a week in the first week of July.

Q4. Mention any three human activities that have affected the depletion of flora and fauna?

Ans. Three human activities that have affected the depletion of flora and fauna are:

i) Agricultural expansion.

ii) Large-scale developmental projects.

iii) Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation.

Q5. In what way forests are useful to us. Mention three points.

Ans. Forests are useful to us in many ways such as:

i) Firstly, it enhances the quality of the environment.

ii) Secondly, It helps in rainfall, increases underground water tables, and controls soil erosion.

iii) Thirdly, Provide timber for construction, furniture, and fuel.

iv) Moreover, it also provides a natural environment for wildlife.

5 Mark Question From Forests and Wildlife Resources

Q1. Describe how communities have conserved and protected the forests and wildlife in India.

Ans. There is no doubt that the government of India has taken many steps for the conservation and protection of forests and wildlife. But, the work done by the community in this direction is also commendable. Have a look at the following points:

1. Firstly, In the Sariska tiger reserve, the people of Rajasthan fought against the mining activity which was creating havoc with the forest reserves.
2. Secondly,  the residents of about five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan, the people declared 1200 acres of land as Bhairodeo Dakav Sanctuary without taking the help of the government. Not only that, but they also framed a set of rules for managing the sanctuary.
3. Thirdly, some people, especially the tribal people of Jharkhand, Orissa, and other parts of India, consider mahua, Kadam, mango, neem, and peepal as sacred trees. They not only worship but also do not allow anyone to cut these trees.
4. Fourthly, in Himachal Pradesh, the Chipko Movement has successfully resisted deforestation. Villagers hug trees and do not allow any outsider to cut the trees.
5. In Orissa, the Joint Forest Management (JFM) has included the local people in the management and restoration of degraded forests.
6. Finally, the role of the Bishnoi community in the conservation of forests and wildlife is also admirable.

Conclusion: Forests and Wildlife Resources

Forests and wildlife play an important role in the maintenance of ecological balance. In the past, Illegal hunting and killing of animals in order to pocket huge amounts have destroyed a lot of forests and wildlife in India. Increasing population, expansion of agriculture, urbanization, industrialization, and colonial policies have also created too much damage to the forests and wildlife resources. Today, it is our moral responsibility to maintain the minimum percentage of forests and to protect wild animals from further damage.

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